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Thutmose I
Thutmose I (sometimes read as ''Thothmes,'' ''Thutmosis'' or ''Tuthmosis I'', meaning ''Thoth-Born'') was the third pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. He received the throne after the death of the previous king, Amenhotep I. During his reign, he campaigned deep into the Levant and Nubia, pushing the borders of Egypt farther than ever before. He also built many temples in Egypt, and a tomb for himself in the Valley of the Kings; he is the first king confirmed to have done this (though Amenhotep I may have preceded him).
He was succeeded by his son Thutmose II, who in turn was succeeded by Thutmose II's sister, Hatshepsut. His reign is generally dated to 1506–1493 BCE, but a minority of scholars—who think that astrological observations used to calculate the timeline of ancient Egyptian records, and thus the reign of Thutmose I, were taken from the city of Memphis rather than from Thebes—would date his reign to 1526–1513 BCE.〔Nicolas Grimal, ''A History of Ancient Egypt'', Librairie Arthéme Fayard, 1988, p. 202.〕〔''Ancient Egyptian Chronology'', chapter 10: "Egyptian Sirius/Sothic Dates and the Question of the Sirius–Based Lunar Calendar", Rolf Kraus, 2006, pp. 439–57.〕
==Family==
It has been speculated Thutmose's father was Amenhotep I. His mother, Senseneb, was of non-royal parentage and may have been a lesser wife or concubine.〔() accessed 2 May 2010〕 Queen Ahmose, who held the title of Great Royal Wife of Thutmose, was probably the daughter of Ahmose I and the sister of Amenhotep I;〔Gardiner 1964 p. 176〕 however, she was never called "king's daughter," so there is some doubt about this, and some historians believe that she was Thutmose's own sister.〔Bleiberg (2000) p.400〕 Assuming she was related to Amenhotep, it could be thought that she was married to Thutmose in order to guarantee succession. However, this is known not to be the case for two reasons. Firstly, Amenhotep's alabaster bark built at Karnak associates Amenhotep's name with Thutmose's name well before Amenhotep's death.〔Grimal (1988) p.203〕 Secondly, Thutmose's first-born son with Ahmose, Amenmose, was apparently born long before Thutmose's coronation. He can be seen on a stela from Thutmose's fourth regnal year hunting near Memphis, and he became the "great army-commander of his father" sometime before his death, which was no later than Thutmose's own death in his 12th regnal year.〔Gardiner (1964) p.179〕 Thutmose had another son, Wadjmose, and two daughters, Hatshepsut and Nefrubity, by Ahmose. Wadjmose died before his father, and Nefrubity died as an infant.〔Steindorff (1942) p.36〕 Thutmose had one son by another wife, Mutnofret. This son succeeded him as Thutmose II, whom Thutmose I married to his daughter, Hatshepsut.〔 It was later recorded by Hatshepsut that Thutmose willed the kingship to both Thutmose II and Hatshepsut. However, this is considered to be propaganda by Hatshepsut's supporters to legitimise her claim to the throne when she later assumed power.〔Erman (1894) p.43〕
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